If your DB is open using pfile:
-----------------------------------------
SELECT DECODE(value, NULL, 'PFILE', 'SPFILE') "Init File Type"
FROM sys.v_$parameter WHERE name = 'spfile';
--- PFILE
If your DB is open using SPFILE:
--------------------------------------------
SELECT DECODE(value, NULL, 'PFILE', 'SPFILE') "Init File Type"
FROM sys.v_$parameter WHERE name = 'spfile';
--SPFILE